Guinea Bissau is a country located on the coast of West Africa along the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of a mainland on the continent – where the majority of the population lives – and close to 80 archipelagos on the ocean, of which only 20 are habited. …

The Kingdom of Lesotho is a landlocked country surrounded entirely by South Africa. It has a population of about 2.2 million and a total land area of 30.4 square kilometers. Since gaining independence from British rule in 1966, Lesotho has faced variou …

In March 2018, Sierra Leone held a general election to elect a new president, members of parliament, and local councils. It was the fourth cycle of elections since the end of the decade-long civil war (1992-2002) when 70,000 people were killed and 2.6 …

Between gaining independence from the British in April 1980 and 21 November 2017, the Republic of Zimbabwe was ruled by Robert Mugabe, the leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANUPF). Two decades after independence, Zimbabwe …

The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and recommendations to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision-making and in the implementation of peace and security rela …

The area that is today’s South Sudan was once a marginalized region in the Republic of Sudan administered by tribal chiefs during the British colonial period (1899-1955). In the 1950s, marginalization gave rise to the Anyanya I rebellion, spearheaded b …

Since gaining independence in 1962, Burundi has experienced several violent conflicts, including a civil war that took place between 1993 and 2005. The common denominator of these conflicts was the politicization of divisions between the Hutu and Tutsi …

Libya achieved independence from United Nations (UN) trusteeship in 1951 as an amalgamation of three former Ottoman provinces, Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan under the rule of King Mohammed Idris. In 1969, King Idris was deposed in a coup staged by …