“Zimbabwe confirmed that alluvial diamonds had been discovered in the Marange area in Mutare District in 2006. However, as in many other African countries, the promise diamond mining holds for economic growth has been eroded by a lack of transparency a …

The Mines and Minerals Bill (MMAB, 2015) in Zimbabwe was introduced to amend and strengthen the 1963 Mines and Minerals Act. The 1963 Act lacked provisions that would prevent mineral revenue leakages, opaque mining licensing, poor flows of taxes and ro …

“Gold mining in Penhalonga represents all methods of gold extraction from deep underground mining, to small-scale mining with mines only a few metres deep, through large-scale alluvial mining and the most infamous gold panning. The area therefore is af …