Despite close ties in the 1950s and 1960s, an almost complete rupture in relations between Israel and African states occurred around the oil crisis and Yom Kippur War in 1973, over Israel’s captured land and the Palestinian issue. Relations had gradual …

“During the Socialist presidency of Francois Mitterrand, French policy towards South Africa has undergone something of a metamorphosis. – In 1985, relations between the two countries reached a nadir when the government of Prime Minister Laurent Fabius, …